Equipment Voltage Surge Threshold Information

The Information Technology Industry Council (I.T.I) provides a guideline that is a realistic, at-the-equipment, maximum allowable voltage that equipment can withstand without damage or upset. This profile is commonly called the "ITI Power Curve" Simply put, it not only describes what amount of voltage will cause upset or damage to equipment, but it also shows how long this voltage must be present to cause-effect.
The ITI Power Curve shows that a voltage rise (Voltage Surge) as low as 120% above RMS or Peak voltage for a duration between 0.003-0.5 of a second will cause damage. It also shows that a voltage rise (Voltage Surge) as low as 110% above RMS or Peak voltage for a duration over 0.5 of a second will cause equipment damage.

Equipment damage are classified into the following categories:

1. No observed change (unforeseen consequence): This absence of visible change would demonstrate that the equipment specimen is actually immune to the surge level in question; however, appearances can be deceiving. The equipment can continue normal performance within specified limits, thus meeting the criterion of. No loss of function or performance... Yet, significant consequences are possible: degradation of performance still within limits, but foreboding larger degradation, latent failure of a component, or an unforeseen consequence elsewhere in the equipment environment
2. Upset (susceptibility: This consequence can be a self-recoverable upset by design of the software and, therefore, not immediately apparent; or it might be a permanent upset requiring operator intervention or programmed automatic action occurring after some time delay. Many documents on test methods suggest three classes for this type of consequence, as follows:
1. Minor: Acceptable temporary loss of function, but no faulty operation.
2. Major: Temporary faulty operation or performance (which is self-recoverable).
3. Critical: Faulty operation or performance that requires operator intervention or system reset. Another consequence that may be classified in this category is an upset caused by a spark-over of air clearances without permanent degradation of adjacent solid insulation.
3. Damage (vulnerability) This consequence includes the subtle as well as the obvious. As discussed under category 1, the damage might occur without being detected unless a special assessment of the equipment condition is performed. One of the most vexing problems in insulation testing is the risk of creating an incipient defect by applying a surge test.
4. Consequential damage: This consequence includes the possibility that equipment subjected to a surge might cause damage to their surroundings well beyond the importance of the damage or upset done to the equipment. Ignition of a fire or an explosion could occur. Damage might result from unseen hardware upset, during which data become corrupted and might subtly degrade other elements in the database, with the user left unaware of the situation